The absence of any record of Dhyana School in Indian Buddhist literature, or of Bodhidharma in connection with it, is perhaps due to the fact that there was never any Dhyana or Zen School even in China until some two hundred years after Bodhidharma's time. On the other hand, there would have been an almost universal practice of dhyana - that is, or ts'o ch'an (Japanese, za-zen) or sitting meditation - among Buddhist monks, and the special instructors who supervised this practice were called dhyana masters, no matter what their school or sect ...
Zen became a distinct school only as it promulgated a view of dhyana which differed sharply from the generally accepted practice.
(The Way of Zen, by Alan Watts, Vintage Spiritual Classics)
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